c. 4 BCE – 33 CE

The World of Jesus

Roman Judea and Galilee under client rulers and prefects: the political and religious setting of the gospels.

Rome

Herodian dynasty

Temple establishment

What we can and cannot say

1
Galilee
A rural, largely Jewish region with fishing and agriculture; Sepphoris and Tiberias are new cities.
Attested by external evidence
2
Roman rule
The Pilate Stone from Caesarea names Pontius Pilate as prefect of Judea.
Attested by external evidence
3
Dating
Both 30 and 33 CE are defended for the crucifixion.
Genuinely debated

See the whole span on the timeline.