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Archaeology

Every entry separates what the object is from what people claim it proves.

Dead Sea Scrolls

Dead Sea Scrolls

Around 1,000 manuscripts including biblical, sectarian and apocryphal texts in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek.

1947–1956 · Caves near Qumran, Judean Desert
Tel Dan Stele

Tel Dan Stele

A fragmentary Aramaic victory inscription referring to the 'House of David'.

1993–1994 · Tel Dan, northern Israel
Pilate Stone

Pilate Stone

A limestone block naming Pontius Pilatus, prefect of Judea.

1961 · Caesarea Maritima
Hezekiah's Tunnel

Hezekiah's Tunnel

A 533-metre water tunnel cut through bedrock to the Pool of Siloam.

Documented 1838; inscription 1880 · City of David, Jerusalem
Siloam Inscription

Siloam Inscription

A Paleo-Hebrew inscription describing the moment two digging teams met.

1880 · Hezekiah's Tunnel, Jerusalem
Ketef Hinnom Scrolls

Ketef Hinnom Scrolls

Two tiny silver amulets inscribed with a version of the priestly blessing.

1979 · Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem
Second Temple Archaeology

Second Temple Archaeology

Herodian street levels, ritual baths, ashlar masonry and the Trumpeting Place inscription.

Ongoing · Temple Mount surrounds, Jerusalem
Ancient Jericho

Ancient Jericho

One of the world's longest-excavated tells, with Neolithic through Iron Age layers.

1907 onward · Tell es-Sultan, West Bank
Galilee Boat

Galilee Boat

A first-century wooden fishing boat preserved in lake mud.

1986 · Shore of the Sea of Galilee
Pool of Siloam

Pool of Siloam

A monumental stepped pool from the Second Temple period, uncovered during repairs.

2004 · City of David, Jerusalem
Merneptah Stele

Merneptah Stele

An Egyptian victory inscription containing the earliest known mention of 'Israel'.

1896 · Thebes, Egypt
Caiaphas Ossuary

Caiaphas Ossuary

A decorated bone box inscribed with a form of the name Caiaphas.

1990 · Jerusalem